The hydrogen peroxide gel used during teeth whitening activates the enamel proteins, by cutting the long chains of proteins. There is no additional reaction on the other structures of the enamel. The length of the protein chain does not affect the enamel strength.
When applied to the enamel, the peroxide will cause a slight loss of minerals on the surface of the tooth. At the end of the treatment, the minerals contained in the saliva will remineralize within a few days. However, the teeth will remain sensitive during that period.
However, if not well managed, the peroxide can irritate the gums and oral tissues. For that reason, and because of the high concentration of peroxide used in certain cases, the whitening methods are under medical supervision.
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